Humerus Fractures

The humerus is the long bone of the upper arm, running from the shoulder to the elbow. A fracture in this bone—known as a humerus fracture—can occur from a fall, direct impact, or traumatic injury. Depending on where the bone breaks, humerus fractures are classified as proximal (near the shoulder), mid-shaft (middle of the arm), or distal (near the elbow).

At Iowa Ortho, our orthopedic trauma and upper extremity specialists are experienced in diagnosing and treating all types of humerus fractures, from simple breaks to complex, multi-fragmented injuries.

Types of humerus fractures

1. Proximal humerus fracture:
   Occurs near the shoulder joint and is most common in older adults, especially those with osteoporosis.
2. Mid-shaft humerus fracture:
   A break in the middle portion of the bone, often caused by falls or direct trauma. These may sometimes injure the nearby radial nerve, leading to temporary wrist weakness.
3. Distal humerus fracture:
   Located near the elbow joint, these fractures are more complex and can involve joint surfaces, making surgical repair more likely.

Causes of humerus fractures

• Falls onto an outstretched arm
• Direct blows to the arm
• Motor vehicle or sports-related accidents
• Osteoporosis or weakened bone structure

Symptoms

• Sudden, severe arm pain
• Swelling and bruising
• Inability to move the arm
• Visible deformity or shortening of the arm
• Numbness or tingling (if nerves are affected)

Diagnosis

At Iowa Ortho, diagnosis begins with a thorough physical exam and a review of how the injury occurred. Imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans help determine:

• The location and severity of the fracture
• Whether the bone fragments are displaced
• If joints or nerves are involved

Treatment options

Non-surgical treatment

Many humerus fractures can heal without surgery. Non-surgical treatment may include:

• Immobilization: Using a sling, brace, or cast to keep the bone stable
• Pain management: Medications to reduce pain and inflammation
• Physical therapy: Once healing begins, exercises restore strength and motion

Surgical treatment

Surgery may be required for displaced or complex fractures. Common procedures include:

• Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF): The bone fragments are realigned and secured with plates, screws, or rods.
• Intramedullary nailing: A metal rod is inserted into the bone canal for stabilization.
• Shoulder or elbow replacement: In severe cases where the fracture extends into the joint or bone quality is poor.

Recovery & rehabilitation

Recovery time depends on the type and severity of the fracture and the chosen treatment method. Most patients can expect:

• Immobilization for several weeks to allow bone healing
• Physical therapy to restore range of motion and prevent stiffness
• Full recovery typically within 3–6 months, depending on activity level and overall health

Our rehabilitation specialists at Iowa Ortho provide customized recovery programs to help patients safely regain arm function and strength.

Why choose Iowa Ortho for humerus fracture care?

• Expertise in both surgical and non-surgical fracture management
• Advanced imaging and surgical technology
• Fellowship-trained trauma and upper extremity orthopedic surgeons
• On-site physical and occupational therapy for a complete recovery plan

Don’t let an arm fracture keep you from the activities you love.

Schedule an appointment at Iowa Ortho today to discuss your humerus fracture treatment options.