Bunions
A bunion, also called hallux valgus, is a misalignment of the big toe joint, causing a visible bump on the side of the foot. The bump forms when the first metatarsal bone shifts outward and the big toe drifts toward the second toe. Bunions are a progressive deformity that can cause pain, swelling, callusing, and changes to how you walk.
Common Causes and Risk Factors
- Genetics: Inherited foot structure can make you more prone to bunions
- Footwear: Tight, narrow, or high-heeled shoes can accelerate development
- Flat feet or overpronation
- Arthritis or other joint conditions
- Occupations or activities that involve long hours of standing or walking
Though more common in women, bunions can affect anyone.
Symptoms of a Bunion
- A visible bump on the inside of the foot at the base of the big toe
- Swelling, redness, tenderness, or calluses around the joint
- Pain when walking or wearing shoes
- Difficulty fitting into shoes
- Decreased flexibility in the big toe
- Corns or calluses from overlapping toes
Over time, bunions can lead to joint stiffness and permanent deformity if not addressed.
Diagnosis and Evaluation
A physical exam and weight-bearing X-rays are used to assess the severity and alignment of the toe joint. This helps us determine the best course of treatment.
Non-Surgical Treatment Options
- Wider footwear with a roomy toe box
- Orthotics or shoe inserts to improve alignment
- Padding or toe spacers to relieve pressure
- Anti-inflammatory medications or icing to reduce swelling
- Physical therapy to address joint stiffness and improve mobility
These approaches can relieve pain and slow progression, especially in the early stages.
When Is Surgery Needed?
If conservative methods no longer relieve your symptoms, bunion surgery (bunionectomy) may be recommended. This procedure realigns the bones, tendons, and ligaments in the foot to correct the deformity. There are several surgical techniques, and your surgeon will choose the best approach based on your unique foot structure and lifestyle.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Post-surgical recovery may take several weeks to months, depending on the procedure. Our physical therapy team will work with you to:
- Improve foot and ankle mobility
- Regain strength and balance
- Reduce swelling and discomfort
- Ensure a smooth return to walking, work, or exercise
Our foot and ankle specialists have extensive experience in treating bunions with both conservative and surgical approaches. Whether you’re just starting to notice symptoms or are ready for corrective surgery, Iowa Ortho offers the expert care and guidance you need to stay on your feet.