Arthrogram

What is an arthrogram?

An arthrogram is an imaging study that evaluates the inside of a joint by first injecting a small amount of contrast dye into the joint space and then taking images—most often with fluoroscopy (live X-ray) and either MRI or CT. The contrast outlines soft-tissue structures like cartilage, the labrum, ligaments, and the joint capsule, helping providers diagnose tears, instability, and other internal joint problems that may not appear on standard X-rays.

Common joints studied with arthrograms include the shoulder, hip, wrist, elbow, knee, and ankle.

Who might benefit from an arthrogram?

Iowa Ortho providers may recommend an arthrogram if a patient has:

• Persistent joint pain, catching, clicking, or instability
• Suspected labral, ligament, or cartilage injuries
• Inconclusive findings on prior X-ray, ultrasound, or MRI
• Post-surgical pain where a detailed soft-tissue assessment is needed

How to prepare

• Medications & allergies: Inform the care team about all medicines, especially blood thinners, and any prior reactions to contrast dyes (iodinated or gadolinium-based), latex, or local anesthetics.
• Pregnancy & health changes: Share if there’s any chance of pregnancy or if there’s an active skin/joint infection near the injection site.
• Eating & drinking: Most patients can eat and drink normally; the team will provide specific instructions if fasting is needed.
• Clothing & valuables: Wear comfortable, loose clothing and leave jewelry at home. You may change into a gown for imaging.
• Transportation: Many patients drive themselves home. If you prefer a mild oral relaxant (when appropriate), arrange a driver.

What to expect on the day

• Check-in & consent: A clinician reviews the plan and answers questions.
• Positioning & skin prep: The skin over the joint is cleaned and draped to maintain sterility.
• Local anesthesia: A small amount of numbing medicine is injected to keep the area comfortable.
• Joint injection: Using live X-ray or ultrasound guidance, contrast dye (and sometimes a small amount of sterile saline or air) is placed into the joint. You may feel a brief sense of fullness or pressure.
• Imaging:
  • Fluoroscopic arthrogram images confirm contrast is in the joint.
  • Most patients then go directly to MRI (or occasionally CT) so the contrast can outline soft tissues clearly.
• Wrap-up: A small bandage is placed. The entire visit typically takes 45–90 minutes, depending on the joint and imaging.

After the arthrogram

• Soreness: Mild ache or a “full” sensation in the joint can last 24–48 hours. This usually improves with rest and ice (20 minutes on, 20 minutes off) the day of the procedure.
• Activity: Take it easy for the rest of the day; avoid strenuous activity and submersion (baths, pools) for 24 hours. Normal showering is fine.
• Pain control: Over-the-counter pain relievers are often adequate unless your provider advises otherwise.
• Hydration: Drink fluids to help your body clear the contrast.
• Bandage: Remove the small bandage later that day or as instructed.

Call Iowa Ortho promptly if you develop a fever, increasing redness or warmth at the injection site, drainage, severe or worsening pain, hives, facial swelling, or trouble breathing.

Results & follow-up

A radiologist interprets the images and sends a detailed report to the ordering Iowa Ortho provider. The care team then reviews the findings with the patient—often within a few business days—to discuss next steps, which may include physical therapy, activity modification, injections, or surgical consultation depending on the diagnosis.

Why choose Iowa Ortho for arthrograms?

• Subspecialty orthopedic expertise: Fellowship-trained providers order and interpret studies in the context of each patient’s symptoms and exam.
• Image-guided precision: Real-time fluoroscopy or ultrasound helps ensure accurate placement of contrast for high-quality imaging.
• Coordinated care: Scheduling, imaging, and follow-up are streamlined so patients can move quickly from diagnosis to treatment.
• Patient-first comfort: Local anesthesia, careful positioning, and clear instructions make the experience as smooth as possible.

FAQs

Will I be sedated?

Most arthrograms are performed with local anesthesia only. Light oral anxiolytics may be available when appropriate.

Can I drive afterward?

Yes—unless you take a sedative. In that case, arrange a driver.

What if I’m allergic to contrast?

Tell your care team about any prior reactions. Many patients with mild reactions can still have the study with precautions; alternatives may be discussed for severe allergies.

Is radiation involved?

Fluoroscopic guidance uses a small amount of X-ray. If an MRI arthrogram is performed, the MRI itself has no radiation.

How soon will I get results?

Reports are typically available to your Iowa Ortho provider within a few business days. They will contact you to review the findings and plan care.

Scheduling & referrals

Arthrograms are scheduled by referral from an Iowa Ortho provider or an outside clinician. To refer or to learn whether an arthrogram is appropriate, contact our scheduling team or request an appointment.