Spondylolisthesis

What is spondylolisthesis?

Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition where one vertebra slips forward over the vertebra beneath it. This misalignment can place pressure on nerves, leading to back pain, leg pain, and other symptoms. The condition can range from mild to severe and may develop from a variety of causes, including stress fractures, arthritis, or age-related degeneration.

Signs & symptoms of spondylolisthesis

Not all patients with spondylolisthesis experience symptoms. When present, they may include:

• Lower back pain that worsens with activity
• Stiffness in the back and legs
• Pain radiating into the buttocks or thighs
• Muscle tightness or spasms in the hamstrings
• Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the legs (if nerves are compressed)
• Difficulty standing or walking for long periods

Causes & risk factors

Several factors can contribute to the development of spondylolisthesis, including:

• Congenital defects – Some people are born with abnormal bone formation in the spine.
• Stress fractures – Repetitive movements in sports like gymnastics or football may lead to tiny fractures that weaken the vertebrae.
• Degenerative changes – Arthritis and age-related wear and tear are the most common causes in adults.
• Trauma – Injuries that fracture or displace a vertebra.
• Genetics – Family history may increase the likelihood of developing the condition.

Diagnosing spondylolisthesis

At Iowa Ortho, diagnosis begins with a physical examination and a review of symptoms. To confirm the diagnosis and determine severity, imaging tests may include:

• X-rays – To detect vertebral slippage and measure alignment.
• MRI scans – To evaluate nerves, discs, and spinal cord involvement.
• CT scans – To assess bone detail and fractures.

Treatment options for spondylolisthesis

Treatment depends on the severity of the vertebral slippage, the degree of symptoms, and the patient’s overall health. Iowa Ortho offers both non-surgical and surgical treatment options.

Non-surgical treatments

• Activity modification – Limiting activities that aggravate symptoms.
• Physical therapy – Strengthening core and back muscles to improve stability.
• Medications – Over-the-counter pain relievers or prescription medications.
• Epidural steroid injections – To reduce inflammation and nerve irritation.
• Bracing – Temporary bracing may provide support in certain cases.

Surgical treatment for spondylolisthesis

If non-surgical options fail or nerve compression becomes severe, surgery may be recommended. The most common procedure is spinal fusion, which stabilizes the slipped vertebra. Some patients may also benefit from decompression surgery to relieve pressure on the nerves. Iowa Ortho’s spine surgeons use advanced surgical techniques designed to restore alignment, reduce pain, and improve mobility.

Living with spondylolisthesis

Many patients find significant relief through non-surgical treatments and lifestyle adjustments. With proper care, most individuals can return to work, sports, and daily activities without ongoing pain. Early treatment is key to preventing further slippage and complications.

Why choose Iowa Ortho for spondylolisthesis care?

• Board-certified orthopedic spine surgeons specializing in spondylolisthesis
• Personalized treatment plans for both conservative and surgical care
• Advanced imaging and diagnostics available in-house
• Comprehensive orthopedic care under one roof—from diagnosis to treatment and recovery

Request an appointment

If you are experiencing back pain, leg pain, or symptoms that may be related to spondylolisthesis, Iowa Ortho is here to help. Our spine specialists provide expert diagnosis and personalized treatment plans to restore your quality of life.

Call Iowa Ortho at 515-247-8400 or request an appointment online today.