Gait Abnormalities in Children

Many parents notice that their child walks differently, perhaps with toes pointing in or out, one leg swinging oddly, or a limp that doesn’t seem to go away. These differences are known as gait abnormalities, and while many are harmless and temporary, others may signal an underlying orthopedic issue.

At Iowa Ortho, our pediatric orthopedic specialists evaluate and treat a wide range of gait concerns, helping children move comfortably, confidently, and safely as they grow.

What are gait abnormalities?

A gait abnormality refers to any unusual walking pattern. It can appear when a child first begins walking or develop later in childhood. Some gait differences are part of normal growth and resolve naturally, while others result from structural, neurological, or muscular conditions that may require medical attention.

Common gait abnormalities in children

1. Intoeing (“Pigeon Toes”)
   • The feet turn inward while walking or running. Often caused by femoral anteversion (twisted thigh bone), tibial torsion (shin rotation), or metatarsus adductus (curved foot). Many cases improve as the child grows.
2. Outtoeing
   • The feet point outward while walking. This may stem from external hip rotation or tibial/femoral alignment differences. Persistent or severe cases may require evaluation.
3. Toe Walking
   • Walking on the balls of the feet beyond age 2–3 can be linked to tight Achilles tendons, neurological issues, or idiopathic (habitual) causes. Treatment may include stretching, physical therapy, or casting.
4. Limping
   • A limp may result from injury, infection, inflammation, or developmental issues such as Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease or Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis (SCFE). Persistent limping should always be evaluated by a specialist.
5. Uneven Gait
   • When one leg appears shorter or the hips move asymmetrically, it may indicate a leg length discrepancy or structural imbalance.

Causes of gait abnormalities

Gait issues can arise from:

• Normal developmental variations
• Congenital deformities (present at birth)
• Bone or joint injuries
• Neuromuscular conditions (e.g., cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy)
• Hip, knee, or foot misalignment
• Genetic or growth-related conditions

Diagnosis & evaluation

At Iowa Ortho, our pediatric specialists perform a thorough examination, which may include:

• Observation of your child’s walking pattern
• Range of motion and strength assessments
• X-rays or imaging, if needed
• Review of medical history and growth milestones

Our team customizes every treatment plan to meet your child’s unique needs and activity level.

Treatment options

Treatment depends on the cause and severity of the condition. Options may include:

• Observation and reassurance for developmental cases that improve naturally
• Physical therapy to strengthen muscles and improve coordination
• Casting or bracing for structural correction
• Orthotics to support proper alignment
• Surgical intervention in rare, severe, or persistent cases

Our team customizes every treatment plan to meet your child’s unique needs and activity level.

Why choose Iowa Ortho for pediatric gait evaluation?

• Fellowship-trained pediatric orthopedic specialist
• Comprehensive gait analysis and individualized care plans
• Collaborative approach with parents and pediatricians
• Proven experience treating children across Central Iowa

Supporting healthy steps for a lifetime

Every child deserves to walk, run, and play without pain or limitation. Iowa Ortho’s pediatric orthopedic team is here to help identify and treat gait abnormalities early, ensuring your child’s healthiest future.

Schedule a pediatric orthopedic appointment today to have your child evaluated by Iowa Ortho’s specialists.